Autism in Girls: Signs & Diagnosis

For decades, autism was considered primarily a male condition. Current research now shows that while boys are still diagnosed more frequently, many girls and women with autism have been overlooked. Understanding how autism presents in females is essential for getting girls the support they need.

Clinical Perspective: Recognizing Autism in Girls

"Throughout my career, I've worked with many girls who were missed or misdiagnosed because their autism didn't match the 'typical' presentation. Girls often mask their difficulties more effectively, have special interests that seem more socially acceptable, and internalize their struggles as anxiety or depression. At Buzz ABA, we're trained to recognize autism across all presentations and ensure girls get the support they deserve."

– Jennifer Harbour, M.S., BCBA, Clinical Director at Buzz ABA
20+ years of experience with diverse autism presentations

The Gender Gap in Autism Diagnosis

According to the CDC, autism is diagnosed in boys approximately 4 times more often than girls. However, researchers increasingly believe this gap reflects diagnostic bias rather than true prevalence differences.

The National Autistic Society estimates that the actual ratio may be closer to 3:1 or even 2:1. Many women aren't diagnosed until adulthood – sometimes in their 30s, 40s, or beyond.

Why Are Girls Underdiagnosed?

Diagnostic criteria bias: Autism research historically focused on boys
Different presentation: Girls often show less obvious outward signs
Better masking: Girls tend to hide their autistic traits more effectively
Typical interests: Special interests may appear more "normal"
Internalized symptoms: Anxiety and depression may be diagnosed instead
Social motivation: Stronger desire for friendships can mask difficulties
Professional bias: Clinicians may not recognize female presentations

Signs of Autism in Girls

While autistic girls share core autism characteristics with boys, their presentation often looks different:

Social Differences

May have one or two close friends rather than none
Struggles in group settings even if one-on-one is okay
Watches and mimics others to learn social behavior
May be drawn to younger children or older adults
Difficulty maintaining friendships long-term
Exhausted after socializing
May be seen as "shy" rather than autistic
Intense desire to fit in and be accepted

Special Interests

Interests may seem more "typical" (animals, celebrities, books)
Intensity of interest is the key difference
May collect and categorize extensively
Deep knowledge about specific topics
Interest in psychology, understanding people
May use fiction/characters to understand emotions
Passionate about creative pursuits
Interests may shift but remain intense

Communication

May have developed language on time or early
Can appear very articulate
Difficulty with unwritten social rules
Takes things literally
May script conversations in advance
Struggles with small talk
Processing delays in fast conversations

Emotional & Behavioral

High anxiety, especially social anxiety
Depression, often from masking
Meltdowns may happen at home, not school
Perfectionism
Sensory sensitivities
Difficulty with emotional regulation
Eating difficulties or disorders

Understanding Masking (Camouflaging)

Masking is one of the most important concepts for understanding autism in females. It refers to consciously or unconsciously hiding autistic traits to appear neurotypical and fit in socially.

What Does Masking Look Like?

Mimicking: Copying facial expressions, gestures, phrases from others
Scripting: Planning conversations in advance, using rehearsed responses
Forcing eye contact: Making eye contact despite discomfort
Suppressing stims: Hiding natural self-regulatory behaviors
Following social "rules": Consciously applying learned rules
Hiding interests: Downplaying or hiding intense interests
Performing emotions: Showing expected emotional responses

The Cost of Masking

While masking can help with social acceptance, it comes at a significant cost:

Exhaustion: Masking is mentally and physically draining
Burnout: Chronic masking can lead to autistic burnout
Mental health: Higher rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation
Identity confusion: Difficulty knowing who they really are
Delayed diagnosis: Masking hides traits clinicians look for
Lack of support: May not receive needed accommodations

Autism in Girls by Age

Early Childhood (2-5 years)

May engage in parallel play rather than interactive play
Preference for organizing/categorizing toys over imaginative play
Intense interest in one type of toy or activity
May have advanced vocabulary but struggle with conversation
Sensory sensitivities (clothing, food, sounds)
Already beginning to observe and mimic peers

Elementary School (6-11 years)

May have one close friend but struggle with group dynamics
Increasing awareness of being "different"
Masking behaviors becoming more sophisticated
May be the "little professor" about specific topics
Difficulty with unstructured time (recess, lunch)
Anxiety about school increasing
May hold it together at school, meltdown at home

Adolescence (12-17 years)

Social demands increase dramatically
May struggle with complex social hierarchies
Risk of bullying or social exclusion
Mental health challenges often emerge (anxiety, depression)
Difficulty with identity development
May become interested in autism after recognizing themselves
Burnout from years of masking
Higher vulnerability to manipulation

Adulthood

May seek diagnosis after children are diagnosed
History of mental health treatment without improvement
Relationship difficulties
Workplace challenges despite competence
Chronic exhaustion from lifelong masking
Relief at finally understanding themselves

Common Misdiagnoses in Girls

Before receiving an autism diagnosis, many girls and women are diagnosed with other conditions:

Social Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

OCD

ADHD (which may co-occur)

Eating Disorders

These conditions can certainly co-occur with autism, but when autism is the underlying cause, treating only the secondary symptoms without addressing autism-specific needs is often ineffective. Learn more about autism and ADHD overlap.

Supporting Your Autistic Daughter

1. Accept and Celebrate Who She Is

Autism is a neurological difference, not a flaw
Focus on strengths alongside challenges
Connect with the autistic community for positive role models
Use identity-first language if she prefers it

2. Reduce Pressure to Mask

Create safe spaces where she can be fully herself
Don't force eye contact or suppress stimming
Validate that masking is exhausting
Help her understand the difference between necessary social skills and harmful masking

3. Support Her Interests

Encourage deep exploration of special interests
Connect interests to learning and potential careers
Find communities that share her interests
Don't dismiss interests as "obsessions"

4. Address Mental Health Proactively

Monitor for anxiety, depression, and burnout
Find therapists who understand autism in girls
Teach emotional regulation strategies
Watch for signs of autistic burnout

5. Teach Self-Advocacy

Help her understand and communicate her needs
Practice asking for accommodations
Build confidence in her perspective
Support her in developing boundaries

6. Provide Social Support

Quality of friendships matters more than quantity
Facilitate connections with accepting peers
Connect her with other autistic girls/women
Explicitly teach social concepts that others learn intuitively

Frequently Asked Questions About Autism in Girls

What are the signs of autism in girls?

Signs of autism in girls may include social difficulties that are less obvious (like having one close friend but struggling in groups), intense interests in "typical" subjects (animals, celebrities, books), masking or camouflaging autistic traits, internalized struggles (anxiety, depression), sensory sensitivities, difficulty with change, and exhaustion from social situations.

Why is autism underdiagnosed in girls?

Autism is underdiagnosed in girls because diagnostic criteria were developed based on male presentations, girls tend to mask their traits more effectively, their special interests may seem more "typical," they often have better superficial social skills, and professionals may not recognize how autism presents differently in females.

What is masking in autism?

Masking (also called camouflaging) is when an autistic person consciously or unconsciously hides their autistic traits to appear neurotypical. This includes mimicking social behaviors, suppressing stimming, forcing eye contact, and scripting conversations. While it helps with social acceptance, masking is exhausting and associated with mental health challenges.

At what age can autism be diagnosed in girls?

Autism can be diagnosed at any age. However, girls are often diagnosed later than boys – sometimes in adolescence or adulthood. Early signs may be dismissed, and many girls aren't diagnosed until social demands increase in middle school or high school, or even as adults when they seek answers for lifelong struggles.

How can I support my autistic daughter?

Support your autistic daughter by accepting her for who she is, not forcing neurotypical behavior, providing opportunities for her interests, helping her understand her diagnosis positively, teaching self-advocacy skills, connecting her with other autistic girls/women, addressing mental health needs, and reducing pressure to mask in safe environments.

Start Your Child's Journey Today

Buzz ABA provides comprehensive, evidence-based ABA therapy in Concord, Manchester, Nashua, and surrounding NH communities. Our neurodiversity-affirming approach helps children thrive.

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Autism in Girls: Understanding the Unique Signs, Challenges, and Strengths